Which practice is considered less effective for learning compared to distributed practice?

Massed practice is considered less effective for learning compared to distributed practice because it involves cramming information into a short period of time without breaks. This approach can lead to short-term retention but does not facilitate long-term understanding or memory retention. Distributed practice, on the other hand, spreads learning over multiple sessions with intervals in between, which enhances the ability to recall information later. The spacing effect, which emerges from distributed practice, helps reinforce concepts and aids in deeper cognitive processing, resulting in more robust learning.

Repetitive learning, active recall, and visual learning can all be beneficial strategies, especially when interleaved with other practices, like distributed practice. These methods support cognitive engagement and help solidify understanding. However, for effective learning that promotes long-term retention, distributed practice is the superior choice when compared to massed practice.