Which mental process allows individuals to make quick decisions based on limited information?

Heuristics refer to mental shortcuts or simple rules of thumb that individuals use to make decisions quickly and efficiently, often in situations where they have limited information or time. This cognitive strategy allows people to simplify complex problems and arrive at judgments or solutions without extensive deliberation. For instance, when making a decision about which product to purchase based on limited reviews, one might rely on heuristics like brand recognition or the number of favorable ratings rather than weighing all available evidence meticulously.

In contrast, analytical thinking involves a systematic and thorough analysis of data and facts, which often requires more time and information to arrive at a conclusion. Inductive reasoning is about drawing broad generalizations from specific observations, requiring a compilation of evidence rather than rapid decision-making. Critical analysis, while valuable for evaluating arguments and evidence, also necessitates a more extended thought process and consideration of various factors. Thus, heuristics specifically facilitate quick decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and constraint.