Which memory model includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?

The multi-store model is a foundational concept in cognitive psychology that delineates three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. This model suggests that information passes through these sequential stages, beginning with sensory memory, where brief sensory impressions are held; then moving to short-term memory, where information is temporarily maintained for a short duration; and finally, transferring to long-term memory, which allows for more permanent storage of information.

This model emphasizes the process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information and serves as a framework for understanding how memory functions. Each component is characterized by different capacities and durations, with sensory memory holding information only for a fraction of a second, short-term memory for around 20 to 30 seconds without rehearsal, and long-term memory potentially lasting a lifetime.

The other options, while related to memory and cognitive processes, do not encompass all three types of memory in the same structured way as the multi-store model. The working memory model focuses specifically on the manipulation and processing of information in a more active manner, rather than simply storage across different types. Schema theory addresses how prior knowledge and mental structures influence the encoding and retrieval of information, and the information processing model outlines the overall flow of information in the cognitive