Which factor directly influences learning according to cognitive load theory?

The factor that directly influences learning according to cognitive load theory is the load of working memory capacity. Cognitive load theory posits that our working memory has a limited capacity for processing information. When the cognitive load exceeds this capacity, it can hinder learning and comprehension. This theory suggests that instructional design should aim to reduce extraneous cognitive load, so learners can focus their cognitive resources on understanding and integrating new information effectively.

In contrast, while physical exercise may have some cognitive benefits, and the number of students or the type of materials used in lessons can impact engagement or interest, they do not directly address the mechanics of working memory and its limitations. Cognitive load is specifically concerned with how much information the working memory can handle at one time, making it a fundamental aspect of learning and retention in an educational context.