Which component of memory refers to our ability to temporarily hold visual and spatial information?

The component of memory that specifically refers to our ability to temporarily hold visual and spatial information is the visuospatial sketchpad. This is part of the working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch, where the visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for processing and integrating visual and spatial aspects of the environment. It allows individuals to manipulate visual images and keep track of spatial relationships, such as when navigating through a familiar area or solving a puzzle that requires mental imagery.

While short-term memory is a broader concept that encompasses the temporary storage of information across various modalities, it doesn't focus solely on visual and spatial data. Rather, it can include auditory and verbal information as well. Iconic memory specifically refers to a brief sensory memory for visual stimuli, lasting only a fraction of a second, and therefore does not involve the sustained processing required for manipulating visual and spatial information. Working memory is an overarching framework that includes the visuospatial sketchpad but also encompasses mechanisms for other types of information processing (e.g., verbal), making it too general for this specific function.