What is the term for the ability to retrieve information without any cues to assist memory?

The ability to retrieve information without any cues to assist memory is known as recall. Recall requires the individual to access stored information from memory without any prompts or hints. This process relies heavily on one's ability to remember specific details or concepts and can often be tested through open-ended questions that do not provide any context.

For instance, when asked to write down everything learned in a class without any reference materials or choices, one demonstrates recall. It’s a more challenging task compared to recognition, which involves identifying previously learned information when presented with options or cues. Rehearsal pertains to techniques used to strengthen memory retention, while retention is the ability to keep information stored in memory over time. Recognizing these distinctions highlights why recall is the term that accurately describes the ability to retrieve information independently.