What is shallow encoding focused on when processing information?

Shallow encoding refers to a level of processing that is primarily concerned with the superficial, perceptual characteristics of information rather than its deeper meaning or significance. When individuals engage in shallow encoding, they might focus on features such as the physical appearance of words, their sounds, or their length, rather than understanding or internalizing the concepts they represent. This kind of processing typically leads to poorer retention of the information because it does not involve meaningful connections or deeper cognitive engagement.

In contrast, processes that involve meaning and significance, emotional significance, or memory retrieval strategies indicate a deeper level of cognitive processing that would facilitate stronger memory retention and recall. However, these do not align with the essence of shallow encoding, which is characterized by a lack of depth in understanding.