What enhances memory by retrieving information rather than merely rereading it?

The choice indicating that memory is enhanced by retrieving information rather than merely rereading it is best captured by the term "testing effect." The testing effect refers to the psychological phenomenon where actively retrieving information from memory through testing leads to better long-term retention of that information compared to when the information is simply reviewed or reread. This effect demonstrates the advantages of engaging with material actively, as it reinforces memory consolidation.

While active recall emphasizes the process of retrieving information and could also be a valid candidate, the term "testing effect" specifically ties to empirical evidence showing that testing enhances retention, distinguishing it as a broader concept. It captures the benefits derived from both practice testing and the active effort to recall information independently of the original input method. This is particularly significant in educational contexts, where frequent, low-stakes assessments can lead to deeper understanding and retention among learners.