What does cognitive load theory explain?

Cognitive load theory specifically addresses the limitations of working memory and how these limitations can impact learning. The theory posits that working memory has a finite capacity, which means that when learners are faced with excessive information or complex tasks, it can overload their cognitive resources. This overload can hinder the ability to process information effectively and retain new knowledge.

When instructional materials are designed with an understanding of cognitive load theory, they can be tailored to reduce unnecessary cognitive burden. For example, breaking complex information into smaller, manageable parts or using multimedia resources can help facilitate learning by not overwhelming the learner's cognitive capacity.

Understanding this theory allows educators to create optimal learning environments by balancing the intrinsic load of the material with the extraneous load that can distract or overwhelm learners. This emphasizes the significance of structured guidance and effective teaching strategies in maximizing educational outcomes.