What component holds and manipulates auditory information over short intervals?

The phonological loop is the correct answer because it is a specific component of Baddeley's model of working memory that is responsible for the temporary storage and manipulation of sound-based information, particularly language. It plays a key role in processing auditory information by both holding it in a limited capacity and allowing for mental rehearsal, which can aid in retaining this information for a short period.

This component is essential for tasks such as remembering phone numbers or following spoken instructions. It operates through two parts: a phonological store that retains auditory information briefly, and an articulatory rehearsal process that helps keep that information active through repetition.

In contrast to the phonological loop, echoic memory refers to a brief sensory memory specifically for sounds that lasts only a few seconds, but it does not actively manipulate or hold information for longer periods. The visual store pertains to visual information storage and manipulation, and semantic memory deals with the storage of factual knowledge and concepts rather than auditory processing. Thus, the phonological loop distinctly fulfills the function of handling and processing auditory information in short time intervals.