What characterizes self-regulated learning?

Self-regulated learning is primarily characterized by the involvement of learners in taking control of their own learning process. This includes setting personal goals, monitoring their progress, adjusting their strategies to meet those goals, and reflecting on their learning experiences. By fostering autonomy, self-regulated learning enables individuals to personalize their educational paths, making them more engaged and responsible for their outcomes.

In this context, the other options do not align with the principles of self-regulated learning. Control by instructors over all learning activities would negate learner autonomy, which is essential for self-regulation. Similarly, discouraging goal setting contradicts the essence of self-regulated learning, as effective learners set and pursue their own goals. Focusing solely on memorization also detracts from the broader skill set that self-regulated learning promotes, which encompasses critical thinking, understanding concepts, and applying knowledge in various contexts.